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Copper extraction from its ores involves a series of processes. First the ore must usually be concentrated. Then it must be roasted to convert sulfides to oxides, which are smelted to produce matte. Finally, it undergoes various refining processes, the final one being electrolytic. The main ore in use today is chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), which accounts for about 50% of copper production. For economic and environmental reasons, many of the byproducts of extraction are reclaimed. Sulfur dioxide gas, for example, is captured and turned into sulfuric acid  which is then used in the extraction process 
The Chino open-pit copper mine in New Mexico. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia : Manufacture of copper |
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